Practical overview
Facts checked against the official sources listed below on 6 August 2026. Rules depend on facts, tax residence, management, business model and target markets.
Annual compliance
A company must remain compliant after incorporation. The normal calendar should consider:
- bookkeeping and retention of invoices, contracts and bank records
- annual financial statements
- corporate income-tax or information returns
- VAT, GST or sales-tax returns when registered
- an annual or periodic company return
- beneficial-owner and officer updates
- payroll, social-security and employer filings
Missing a nil return, annual fee or information filing can cause penalties, loss of good standing, involuntary strike-off or banking problems even where no corporate tax is payable.
Core corporate requirements
Before filing, the structure should account for the following recurring legal and operational requirements:
- a local registered office or registered address
- proper accounting records and supporting documents
- an annual or periodic company return
- annual financial statements
- tax registration and returns based on activity
- accurate beneficial-owner filings and updates
- payroll and employer registrations before hiring
Tax framework
The standard corporate profit-tax rate is 18% and the standard VAT rate is 20%. Turnover-tax regimes and information-technology incentives are eligibility-based and should not be assumed for every foreign-owned company. Payroll, local accounting and the location of management and staff remain important.
Owner-country tax warning
Incorporating abroad does not move the owner’s personal tax residence and does not by itself prevent CFC, permanent-establishment or management-and-control rules. Salary, dividends, royalties, shareholder loans and related-party charges need separate analysis in the owner’s and operating countries.
First-year and recurring cost
Our formation package from €5,000 includes formation coordination, standard corporate documents, a registered address or registered agent for the first year, tax-number coordination and the agreed standard first-year corporate and tax filings. Government fees, mandatory capital, audit, licences, local directors, notarisation, apostille, translations and enhanced substance are quoted separately where required.
The fixed website price is a professional-service starting point, not a universal all-inclusive government price. We issue a written budget separating government fees, professional work, third-party costs, capital, first-year compliance and recurring annual costs.
| Cost component | Typical scope |
|---|---|
| Government and registry fees | Usually separate |
| Professional formation work | Included or quoted |
| Registered address, agent or secretary | Included or quoted |
| Tax registrations and standard first-year filings | Included or quoted |
| Bookkeeping, annual accounts and returns | Usually separate |
| Optional banking-readiness package | Usually separate |
| Optional licensing, audit and enhanced substance | Usually separate |
Unless expressly included in the proposal, mandatory capital, government fees, audit, licence fees, local staff or directors, physical premises, notarisation, apostille, certified translation, merchant acquiring and third-party bank charges are separate.
Key risks and limitations
The decision should be based on the complete risk picture, including:
- bankability depends on substance, sector, owners and transaction evidence
- payroll, social-security and employer filings
- permanent-establishment exposure where staff, agents or management operate
- tax residence based on effective management and control
- CFC and owner-country anti-deferral rules
- VAT, GST or sales-tax registrations may arise in customer or inventory countries
Official sources
Official links are provided for verification. Where a source changes after the review date, the newer official rule prevails.
Frequently asked questions
Can a non-resident own the company?
Foreign ownership is usually possible subject to the entity type, sector, sanctions screening and any local-director or approval rules described on this page.
Does incorporation guarantee a bank account?
No. Banks and EMIs perform independent KYC, risk and commercial reviews. We improve application readiness and coordinate responses.
Will the company automatically pay zero tax?
No. Corporate tax, owner-country tax, CFC rules, permanent establishment, withholding, VAT/GST and management-and-control rules must be analysed together.
Is an address included in the formation package?
The agreed first-year formation package includes a registered address or registered agent where legally available. A staffed office, desk, warehouse or additional substance is separate.
Do I need a local director or secretary?
It depends on the jurisdiction and entity. The local requirements section identifies the standard rule; regulated activity may impose more governance.
What annual filings are required?
Typically bookkeeping, annual returns, accounts, corporate tax filings, VAT/GST or payroll filings, UBO updates and renewals may apply.
Can beneficial ownership be hidden?
No. Registries, banks, tax authorities and regulated providers require accurate beneficial-owner and source-of-funds information.
Can one licence cover customers worldwide?
No. A licence is jurisdiction- and activity-specific. Customer countries, advertising, payments and consumer rules need a separate market-by-market review.